ecuring your Linux server is important to protect your data, intellectual property, and time, from the hands of crackers (hackers). The system administrator is responsible for security of the Linux box. In this first part of a Linux server s...

Linux comes with a host based firewall called Netfilter. The netfilter is a set of hooks inside the Linux kernel that allows kernel modules to register callback functions with the network stack. A registered callback...

OpenSSH is the implementation of the SSH protocol. OpenSSH is recommended for remote login, making backups, remote file transfer via scp or sftp, and much more. SSH is perfect to keep confidentiality and integri...

Nginx is a lightweight, high-performance web server/reverse proxy and e-mail (IMAP/POP3) proxy. It runs on UNIX, GNU/Linux, BSD variants, Mac OS X, Solaris, and Microsoft Windows. According to Netcraft, 13.50% o...

One of the most common mistake is typing sl instead of ls command. I actually set ...

Linux operating systems come with a various set of tools allowing you to manipulate the Wireless Extensions and monitor wireless networks. Here is a list of Linux tools used for wireless network monitoring tools that...

Iam a new Debian Linux / Ubuntu Linux LTS user. How do I reinstall a package using ...

Ineed to compile an application with ncurses library and header files. How do I install install ncurses libs and header files on a Linux operating system? How do I write a simple hello world program using the nc...

Idownloaded a .deb Debian file. How do I extract deb package without installing it on my Debian or Ubuntu Linux based system? How do I list and extract the contents of a Debian package?...

Iam using dd command for block level copy and just found out that there’s no built in way to check the progress. How do I use the Linux or Unix dd command while coping /dev/sda to /deb/sdb and display a pr...

Compiling a custom kernel has its advantages and disadvantages. However, new Linux user/admin find it difficult to compile Linux kernel. Compiling kernel needs to understand few things and then type a couple of comman...

Iam a new Ubuntu Linux user. I am writing a shell script and using the curl command to grab URL output using curl https://example.com/data/api/$key/hash.html. However, the curl comma...

How do I install and secure Nginx with Let’s Encrypt on Ubuntu 18.04 with DNS validation API? My domain DNS hosted with Cloudflare. How do I install Let’s Encrypt to create SSL certificates with Ngin...

Iam a new Ubuntu Linux user and a web developer by profession. How do I install and configure Nginx on Ubuntu Linux 18.04 LTS?Introduction: Nginx is a free and...

How do I install and configure TigerVNC server on Ubuntu 18.04/20.04 for remote desktop access? How to enable Remote Desktop connection between two Ubuntu Linux systems (server and client) to access GUI? How to...

How do I install OpenSSH server on Ubuntu Linux version 16.04/18.04/20.04/22.04 LTS?Introduction: sshd (OpenSSH Daemon or server) is the daemon program for ssh...

Iam a Linux user and sysadmin. However, I need to install a couple of Windows 10 enterprise or MS-Windows 10 LTSB on a desktop system for developers. How do I create a bootable Windows 10 USB in Linux with GUI t...

Ihave two WAN connection. The first WAN connection connects via FTTH modem. The second connection connects via 4G LTE CPE modem. ...

How can I reboot a Debian or Ubuntu Linux server/host remotely using an Ansible playbook for kernel update and wait for it to come back again?Introduction: It i...

Iam using Windows version 7 or 10 on my desktop. How can I use putty client to restart Linux server? What is the procedure to restart Linux server using putty from Windows 7 or 10 desktop?...

Iam a new Linux sysadmin. How can I add comments to iptables rules on Linux using the iptables command?Introduction: The iptables and ip6tables commands are use...

How do I change the hostname of a Fedora Linux system permanently using the command line tools from localhost to fedora28-nixcraft? How do I change hostname in Fedora Linux permanently from localhost.localdomain...

Iam a new Linux user. How do I restart php service after editing php.ini file on Linux operating systems?PHP is associated with either your web-server or external FastCGI proces...

How do I reboot a Solaris UNIX machine or server using the command / shell prompt? Is it possible to reboot the server using the ssh command?The Solaris Unix machine must be reb...

How do I create a user account on MySQL database server?When you try to access MySQL database server from client such as mysql or even programming language such as php or perl y...

What is UNIX / Linux Korn Shell?Korn Shell is developed by David Korn at Bell Laboratories It is upwardly compatible with most...

What is POSIX Shell under UNIX / Linux operating systems?POSIX is an acronym for “Portable Operating System Interface”. POSIX shell is based on the standard defined...

Iam new CentOS Linux user and using it on Dell laptop. How can I check check battery status using X terminal on CentOS or Debian/Ubuntu Linux?You need to use any one of the foll...